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Ibrahim Pasha's Campaign

حملة إبراهيم باشا وسقوط الدولة الأولى

مسار الحملة المصرية العثمانية التي أنهت الدولة السعودية الأولى: من مرسى ينبع وهزيمة وادي الصفراء، عبر الحرمين والطائف وبسل، ثم الزحف إلى نجد عبر الحناكية والقصيم وحصار الرس، حتى سقوط الدرعية 1818م.

📍10 stops

Route stops (10)

Trade routeينبع

Yanbu Port

Historic Yanbu port on the Red Sea served Hijaz trade, Madinah supply and pilgrim traffic across Islamic centuries.

Battlefieldوادي الصفراء

Wadi Al-Safra

A wadi between Yanbu and Madinah. In Jumada I 1227 / early 1812 — some notices say 1226 — Tusun's column was ambushed here. The march was delayed, not ended: Madinah fell later the same year.

Religiousالمدينة المنورة

Al-Baqi Cemetery

Al-Baqi cemetery and the surrounding historic sites of Medina, including the graves of many Companions, Mothers of the Believers, and members of the Prophet's family.

Religiousمكة المكرمة

Al-Masjid Al-Haram & the Kaaba

Al-Masjid al-Haram in Makkah surrounds the Kaaba, the qibla of Muslims—the holiest place on earth and among the world’s oldest and largest mosques.

Local heritageالطائف

Taif

A mountain city at about 1,800 meters in the Hijaz, famed for Taif roses, fine sidr honey, and a long history as a summer retreat and cultural center where the Prophet sought support early in his mission.

Battlefieldبسل

Wadi Bisal

A wadi between Taif and Turabah. In Muharram 1230 / January 1815 Faysal ibn Saud held the heights; the host broke after Muhammad Ali came up. Burckhardt's figures are a contemporary estimate, not a roll.

Old village / cityالحناكية

Al-Hanakiyah

Al-Hanakiyah east of Madinah (ancient Batn Nakhl) joins rock art with a First Saudi State battle memory.

Battlefieldالرس

Siege of Al-Rass

The Siege of Al-Rass (1817) became a Najdi epic of endurance when a small town withstood a modern Egyptian–Ottoman force for months.

Hajj routeبريدة

Buraydah

Buraydah, capital of Al-Qassim—Basra hajj-road station and Najdi hub of dates and trade.

First Saudi stateالدرعية

At-Turaif District

At-Turaif in Diriyah was the capital of the First Saudi State on Wadi Hanifah—one of the world’s largest mud-brick districts and a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2010.

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Route map

1Yanbu Portينبع

2Wadi Al-Safraوادي الصفراء

3Al-Baqi Cemeteryالمدينة المنورة

4Al-Masjid Al-Haram & the Kaabaمكة المكرمة

5Taifالطائف

6Wadi Bisalبسل

7Al-Hanakiyahالحناكية

8Siege of Al-Rassالرس

9Buraydahبريدة

10At-Turaif Districtالدرعية